A fabric comes to the market for sale after it has been subjected to various finishes. Most fabrics that reach the consumer market have received one or more finishing treatmetns and except for fabric (white) colour is some form is needed for finishing. Change to improve the appearance of developed desired behaviour and characterstics in fabric e.g. celendering, embosisly, merchidising etc. Staple fibres recqunis following finishing operations like singeing, desizing, scoring, bleaching, reltering, calendmic etc. Finishes can be divided in different group.

1) Mechanical Or CHEMICAL eg Celendering Merchandising &bleaching

2) Permanent Or Non-Permanent

3) General and Functional

Type of Finishes

Most of those finishes below are used for staple fibres are:

1) Singing :- It consist of the burning of fuzz on the fabric surface. Before singing the cloth is brushed to remove the loose fabric and also to remove the dust. The fabric is kept flat under tension and passed rapidly over an open gas flame. Later it is passed into a water to cool down.

2) Desizing :- Agents are removed from the fabric by saturating the cloth with enzymes or other desizing compounds. The starch is removed from one fabric in order to make it ready for other finishes process.

3) Scoring & Bleaching : The fabric may be scored or bleached either in weft form or width form. Scoring process varjing upon the fibres are scored to removed impurties such as dirt, oil or sizing compounds. Soaps are synthetic detergent that are most common scoring agents. Bleaching follows the normal scoring process and involves the use of bleaching agents such as castic soda, chlorine compound.

4) Tentering :- It is the mechanical straighting and dying of the fabric. Tenter fames hold the fabric with special pins. The chain is spread apart to the desired width of the fabric. The fabric is moved through dying units. Later the fabric is rolled on clylinders.

5) Merchandising :- This is a chemical process applied such as cotton or blends of cotton. It is a finish that contributes to burke the cotton fabrics and increases the case with which cotton excepts colour and adds to its strength. The steps involve are welting the fabric with water and seturated with castic solution. Tentering washing, neutralizing and dying. All this is done to the fabric and fabric is processed between 80-120 yarns/minute. The finish swells the fabric giving it a round cross - section that reflects tight is create a blossy effect, The natural hoist of fibre is largely removed.